"Uses are not designers, and being able to envision something that doesn't exist is a rare skill. Conversely, designers are not users, so it doesn't matter whether they personally think something is easy." (Nielsen, 2010)
When conducting evaluation, designers should assign specific tasks to uses, not abstract ones, for users usually do not know what to do when facing a new technology. When designing new products, designers should consider from users' perspectives, like what problems may occur or what are the most difficulty part when using it.
"Only one spot generates valid data — the present." (Nielsen, 2010)
Observing what are people doing right now is an important research method, because it provides researchers the most accurate data of usability. Researchers can closely observe participants' behaviors and immeadiatly identify problems. Focusing on the present is better than looking into the past or future. Human memory can be fallible and future things are unpredictable so that present data is the most effective one.
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